Technical guide to Haltermann Liquid F ISO 1817 reference test fluid, including its use in rubber and elastomer liquid-resistance testing and its differences from FAM and IRM reference fluids.

Technical guide to how antifreezes and coolants affect rubber and elastomers, including swelling, hardness, glycol type, OAT/HOAT/IAT inhibitor chemistry and compatibility testing.

Technical guide to FAM test fluids for rubber and elastomer fuel-compatibility testing, including FAM A/FAM B terminology, differences from IRM reference oils and fluid-selection criteria.

Technical guide to ASTM D471 and ISO 1817 for evaluating the effects of oils, fuels, IRM reference fluids, antifreezes, coolants and other liquids on rubber and elastomers.

A technical comparison of IRM 901, IRM 902 and IRM 903 reference oils, including swelling behavior, laboratory purpose and their relationship to ASTM D471 and ISO 1817 testing.

Technical guide to IRM 901, IRM 902, IRM 903, ASTM- and ISO-based reference fluids, Liquid F ISO, antifreezes, coolants and other test chemicals used in rubber and elastomer laboratories.

We explain pH, concentration, refractometer measurement, tramp oil, and daily monitoring applications in metalworking fluids that mix with water.

We explain what the NSF H1 rating means in terms of accidental food contact and the selection criteria for oils, greases, and chain oils in food production.

We explain how to select bearing grease based on base oil viscosity, NLGI class, thickener, speed, load, temperature, and relubrication interval.

We explain viscosity, evaporation, and residue formation in the selection of high-temperature chain oils for bakery, paint shop, ceramic, and textile conveyors.

We explain why greases with different thickener and base oil systems should not be mixed directly and how to manage product transitions.

We explain how to convert refractometer readings to true concentration in metalworking fluids using the product factor, and how to avoid measurement errors.

We explain how the viscosity index describes the viscosity behavior of oil in response to temperature changes and how it should be interpreted in product selection.

We explain what TAN and TBN values measure, the unit mg KOH/g, and why trend tracking is important in used oil analysis.

We explain the meaning of the pour point, its relationship to low-temperature performance, and why it should not be interpreted as the sole operating temperature limit.

We explain the properties of PAG-based synthetic gear oils, their energy efficiency potential, and their compatibility differences with mineral/PAO oils.

We compare the differences between ISO VG 220 and ISO VG 320 gear oils in terms of load, speed, temperature, and gearbox design.

We provide a technical explanation of the conditions under which ISO VG 68 hydraulic oils are preferred and the differences in selection compared to ISO VG 46.

We explain the viscosity class of ISO VG 46 hydraulic oils, their areas of application, and the technical criteria to be considered in selecting the correct product.

We explain the differences between NLGI 00 and NLGI 000 semi-fluid greases and their usage criteria in central lubrication and enclosed gear applications.