Refractometer Factor and Concentration Calculation
In metalworking fluids that mix with water, refractometers are one of the most practical tools for monitoring concentrations in the field. However, the Brix value displayed by the device is often not the true concentration; the product needs to be corrected using a refractometer factor.
Basic calculation
General approach: refractometer reading × product factor = approximate true concentration. For example, if the device shows 4.0 and the product factor is 1.3, the calculated concentration would be approximately 5.2%. The factor should be taken from the technical data sheet for each product.
How should the device be prepared?
The prism should be cleaned before measurement and, if possible, zeroed with process water or distilled water. The sample should be homogeneous, and surface tramp oil or heavy dirt should not mislead the measurement.
The effect of contamination
Slide oil, hydraulic oil, dissolved salts, and process contaminants entering the system can increase refractometer readings. Therefore, in aged baths, refractometer results can be compared with laboratory titration or the recommended alternative method for the product.
How is the target concentration determined?
The target concentration should be determined based on the material being processed, the intensity of the operation, the tool, the water quality, and the product manufacturer's recommended range. Higher concentrations than necessary do not always guarantee better performance.
Conclusion
Refractometers are a fast and effective inspection tool. For accurate results, product factors, instrument calibration, and system contamination must all be considered together.
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